In modern bathroom design—especially within multi-family residences, hotels, and commercial buildings—functionality, flexibility, and efficient space use are more important than ever. Behind many of today’s streamlined, multi-functional shower systems lies a small but crucial component: the shower diverter.
Whether you're designing for a standard tub/shower combo or a luxury shower with multiple water outlets, understanding diverters is essential to delivering both code-compliant plumbing and a positive user experience.
What Is a Shower Diverter?
A shower diverter is a valve that redirects water from one outlet to another—most often between a tub spout and showerhead, or among multiple showering components such as a handheld sprayer, body jets, or rain shower.
Do I Need to Buy a Separate Shower Diverter?
In most standard tub/shower configurations, a separate diverter valve isn’t required. Most shower valves include two built-in outlets—one for the tub and one for the showerhead—with a tee diverter built into the tub spout. Pulling up the knob on the spout redirects water upward to the showerhead.
This basic setup is still widely used in multi-family housing due to its affordability and simplicity. However, once a design includes more than one shower outlet, such as a rain shower or handheld unit, a dedicated diverter valve is needed to route water between fixtures effectively.
Let’s take a closer look at the different types of shower diverters available—and how to choose the right one for your project.
Types of Shower Diverters
Shower diverters come in several configurations, each designed to redirect water flow between different outlets depending on the shower system’s complexity. Choosing the right type of diverter depends on the number of water outlets, the desired user experience, and the specific design or code considerations of the project. Below are the four main types used in both residential and commercial projects.
Tee Diverter
Often called a single-valve tub diverter, a tee diverter is the most common and straightforward of the diverters. It’s built into the tub spout and features a pull-up knob or pin. When engaged, it blocks the tub spout outlet and diverts water up to the showerhead.
Pushing the knob back down allows water to flow freely into the tub again. It’s called a "tee" diverter because the plumbing forms a T-shape—one input (from the valve), with two outputs (showerhead and tub spout).
Frequently found in standard tub and shower combinations, particularly in multi-family housing and older homes, this diverter is a cost-effective solution that eliminates the need for additional valves behind the wall.
This diverter supports only two outlets, and only one can be active at a time. While it may seem simple, it’s essential for making basic bathroom tub setups function efficiently. A malfunctioning tee diverter can prevent proper use of the shower or cause continuous dripping from the tub spout.
Over time, internal seals and washers can degrade, causing water to leak from the tub spout during shower use. Replacing the entire tub spout is often the easiest and most efficient fix.
Two-Way Diverter
A two-way diverter is a dedicated valve—typically installed behind the wall—that redirects water between two outlets. Unlike a tee diverter (which is part of the tub spout), the two-way diverter is a standalone component and is usually operated via a knob, lever, or integrated trim handle.
It features one water inlet and two outlets, most commonly directing flow between a fixed showerhead and a handheld sprayer.
Common Applications
Two-way diverters are frequently used in shower stalls that feature both a wall-mounted showerhead and a handheld unit, or in systems that pair a traditional showerhead with a ceiling-mounted rain shower.
When used alongside a single-handle pressure-balance valve, the diverter allows the user to toggle easily between the two fixtures.
Multi-Family & ADA-Compliant Uses
This diverter type is commonly selected for ADA-compliant renovations or upgrades, where a handshower is added for accessibility without changing the overall plumbing configuration.
Because of its simplicity, the two-way diverter is an excellent choice for multi-family projects, offering a low-cost and low-complexity way to increase shower functionality and flexibility.
Functionality
By design, a two-way diverter allows only one fixture to operate at a time. With fewer internal components than three- or six-way diverters, there’s typically less risk of mechanical failure.
Variations
Two-way diverters are available as standalone valves or integrated into a shower mixing valve, offering flexibility in their design and application.
Knowing which configuration your system requires is essential for specifying the right rough-in valve and matching trim kit. Early coordination during the design or rough-in phase helps avoid costly rework.
Exterior Diverters
Some handheld shower systems—such as the Allora USA ADA-ST-71—include a built-in diverter. This design eliminates the need for a separate diverter valve and trim, reducing installation time and trim complexity. For large multi-unit projects, this can streamline plumbing layout and improve overall installation efficiency.
Three-Way Diverter
A three-way diverter valve has one inlet and three outlets, allowing users to select between three individual fixtures—such as a wall-mounted showerhead, a handheld sprayer, and a tub spout.
Depending on the model, the diverter may also include an “off” position or allow for preset flow combinations. These diverters are typically operated via a rotational knob, dial, or push-button mechanism.
The Traditional 3-Handle Shower
In many older homes, especially those built in the mid-20th century, three-handle shower systems were common. The center handle in these configurations functioned as a diverter, directing water to either the tub or the shower after the hot and cold taps were adjusted.
While this layout is a little dated now, the mechanism set the groundwork for modern diverter systems.
Three-way diverters are good for multi-function showers in both luxury residential and commercial settings. They provide a clean, intuitive way to select between three water outlets, enhancing the user experience without overcomplicating the design.
This made them a popular choice in projects where multiple outlets were desired but the layout didn’t allow for more complex diverter setups.
Nowadays, you won’t find many of these available on the market since other, simpler systems have replaced them.
Six-Way Diverter
The six-way diverter is designed for advanced, multi-function shower systems and is commonly found in luxury residential, hospitality, and spa-style environments.
Despite its name, it does not support six separate outlets—it supports three outlets with six settings, allowing users to run each outlet independently or in combinations of two at a time.
This diverter features one water inlet and three outlet ports, configured internally to allow six distinct flow settings. These include:
- Outlet A only
- Outlet B only
- Outlet C only
- A+B together
- A+C together
- B+C together
This flexibility gives users the ability to combine shower experiences—for example, running an overhead rain shower with body sprays or switching between a handheld sprayer and a standard showerhead.
Mechanism
A six-way diverter is typically operated by a single rotating control with clearly notched positions for each setting. Just like the two-way diverter, it must be used in combination with a pressure-balance or thermostatic mixing valve, as it does not regulate water temperature or pressure on its own.
These diverters are often listed as “1 inlet / 3 outlets / 6 functions.” It is essential to ensure that the valve trim includes proper markings and is installed correctly to prevent end-user confusion.
Applications
This diverter is most often used in high-end custom showers, such as those found in:
- Penthouses or custom homes
- Boutique hotel
- Luxury apartments or condos
- Fitness centers or spa facilities
Projects that offer premium bathroom packages often benefit from the versatility this diverter provides. It enables designers to offer sophisticated setups with multiple water delivery options, all without requiring separate controls for each outlet.
Installation Note
Because two outlets can operate simultaneously, the plumbing system must be designed to accommodate higher flow rates. This may require:
- 3/4" supply lines
- Slightly higher-flow mixing valves
Failing to accommodate these requirements can lead to pressure loss and diminished performance, undermining the intended luxury experience.
When installing shower diverters—especially in multi-function or high-usage settings—attention to detail is critical. Proper planning and coordination during the rough-in phase can help avoid future issues, reduce rework, and improve the long-term performance of the system.
Installation Considerations
When installing shower diverters—especially in multi-function or high-usage settings—attention to detail is critical. Proper planning and coordination during the rough-in phase can help avoid future issues, reduce rework, and improve the long-term performance of the system.
1. Pair the Diverter with a Compatible Mixing Valve
Diverter valves do not regulate water temperature or pressure; they only control where water flows. For safety and code compliance, diverters must be paired with a pressure-balance or thermostatic mixing valve that provides anti-scald protection.
For instance, an Allora USA AL7-03 rough-in diverter is typically installed alongside a compatible mixing valve to create a complete, compliant system.
2. Plumbing Layout and Configuration
Each diverter outlet must be piped directly to the intended fixture. If a diverter port is not used, it must be properly capped.
For tub spouts, we recommend using a ½″ copper drop to prevent backpressure, which can cause water to unintentionally divert to the showerhead. Proper planning ensures full flow when required and reliable operation of the diverter over time.
3. In-Wall vs. External Diverters
Diverters are available in both in-wall (concealed) and external (exposed) formats.
- In-wall diverters are typically rough-in valves installed behind the tile and require compatible trim kits.
- External diverters may be integrated into components such as handheld showers (e.g., the Allora ADA-ST-71) or mounted externally on the shower riser.
- Some designers prefer the sleeker feel of in-wall diverters, but these will typically come with higher product and labor costs.
It’s essential to know which type the design calls for during purchasing. In-wall diverters require a matching valve and trim kit. External diverters often come pre-assembled or with a specific mount. Mismatching the two can lead to delays, incompatibility, or installation challenges.
4. Support and Mounting
In-wall diverters must be securely mounted between framing studs and aligned precisely to ensure the trim sits flush. In large-scale projects with repeated layouts, using templates can improve consistency and reduce installation time across units.
5. Flow Capacity and Pipe Sizing
For systems with multiple or simultaneous outputs (e.g., six-way diverters), it’s important to evaluate the total flow demand. For standard two-output setups, ½″ supply is often sufficient.
When using a six-outlet diverter, ensure supply lines and valves can support simultaneous outlets without a noticeable drop in pressure. This may require use of ¾″ lines or higher-flow rough-ins.
6. Accessibility for Service
Since diverters are often concealed behind walls, consider future maintenance needs:
- Use front-serviceable diverters where possible.
- Always install within the manufacturer-specified depth range so that cartridges and trim can be removed easily in the future.
7. Leak Testing Before Finishing
Before sealing up the wall, test every diverter setting to ensure:
- Full water flow to the selected outlet
- No crossover between outlets (e.g., tub spout dripping when shower is on)
- Smooth handle operation through all positions
Catching these issues early helps avoid expensive rework later.
Maintenance and Replacement
Even the best-installed diverters will require attention over time, especially in multi-user or high-traffic settings like apartments, hotels, or gyms. Regular maintenance ensures continued performance and reduces the chance of tenant complaints or expensive repairs.
Routine Maintenance
Proactive maintenance extends diverter life and avoids system failures:
- Quarterly movement to different diverter positions, especially in commercial buildings, keeps internal mechanisms from sticking.
- If water quality is a concern, consider installing inline filters to protect valves from sediment.
💡 Tip for Property Managers: Include diverter checks during unit turnovers in multi-family housing to ensure the next resident receives a fully functional shower system.
Common Issues
- Leaking or dribbling from the tub spout when the shower is on (often caused by worn seals)
- Handle resistance or sticking, usually due to mineral buildup
- Failure to fully engage an outlet, especially in six-way diverters with more internal components
Problem Solving
- Tee Diverters (Tub Spouts): Replace the entire spout—most are screw-on or slip-fit types, making this a quick swap.
- Two-and Three-Way Diverters: Replace the cartridge. O-rings are typically included.
- Six-Way Diverters: Replace the cartridge. O-rings are typically included.
💡 Tip for Installers: After any repair, flush the system before reinstalling shower heads to avoid sending debris into fixtures.
When to Replace the Entire Valve
Sometimes replacement of the full diverter valve is unavoidable:
- If the cartridge is no longer available
- If corrosion has damaged the valve body
- If repeated issues signal end-of-life wear
In renovations, this is also an opportunity to upgrade the entire system—for example:
- Replace an outdated 3-handle system with a modern single-handle valve and diverter
- Install a six-way diverter instead of a two-way if future expansion (e.g., adding a
handheld) is anticipated
Modern modular diverter designs can often be retrofitted using existing wallopenings, avoiding the need for extensive tile removal—a key advantage in large-scale apartment or hotel remodels.
Best Practices During Replacement
- Always use new seals and apply plumber’s grease where appropriate
- Match trim kits to the new valve body or plan for replacement trim
- Double-check that spout length and outlet alignment match the rough-in to avoid water backflow or leaking
Post-Replacement Testing
- Test all diverter positions with water running
- Observe all outlets to verify full flow and no crossover
- Log diverter replacements (date, unit, model) in maintenance records, especially in multi-unit buildings. This aids in spotting patterns or warranty trends
Considerations for Multi-Family and Commercial Projects
While diverter valves serve a similar function in all bathrooms, their selection and installation in multi-family and commercial projects require special planning.
Factors like volume, user turnover, accessibility, and long-term maintenance all influence diverter performance and lifecycle cost. Here are a few key considerations for medium-to-large-scale developments:
1. Standardization Across Units
In apartment buildings, condominiums, or senior living communities, specifying a single diverter model across all units simplifies construction and maintenance:
- Contractors can rough-in and trim-out diverters in a repeatable, consistent manner.
- Maintenance staff only need to stock one type of cartridge or trim kit, speeding up repairs and reducing downtime.
Designers should coordinate early with plumbing contractors to select diverters that have long-term parts availability and wide distribution support—especially for projects with dozens or hundreds of units.
Using diverters from product lines with strong distribution and warranty backing, like those from Allora USA, ensures parts and support will still be available years later.
2. Durability for High-Use Environments
Facilities like hotels, gyms, and dormitories experience far more frequent use than a single-family home. In these cases, diverter valves must be built for heavy-duty performance:
- Specify rough in valves with solid brass construction, commercial-grade internal components, and a proven cartridge system.
- Consider fail-safe behavior: if a diverter fails, the system should default to allowing water flow from at least one outlet, so guests or users aren’t left without access.
Hospitality-grade diverter models are often backed by warranties and field-tested to withstand years of continuous operation.
3. Accessibility & Code Compliance
In ADA-compliant bathrooms or universal design projects, diverters should be easy to reach and operate:
- Position diverter controls within reachable range from a seated position, especially if the bathroom includes a bench or seat.
- Consider using a handheld shower with a slide bar that allows the user to set it at a customized, reachable height.
- The diverter should have handles or levers that require low torque to turn or pull, complying with ADA standards.
- For multi-function showers, consider lever diverters with smooth transitions instead of stiff knobs or push-pull pins.
- Make sure all plumbing components meet local plumbing requirements.
Diverters are a critical part of the overall system should meet both UPC and accessibility requirements.
4. Service Access in Commercial Facilities
In commercial and large residential buildings, access for maintenance must be considered at the start:
- Include mechanical access panels behind showers (e.g., from corridors or closets) so maintenance staff can reach diverters without damaging walls.
- Use diverters that offer front-serviceable cartridges, minimizing disruption during repairs.
- Make sure the rough in valve includes integrated shutoff stops.
Especially in high-rise buildings, thoughtful planning here reduces water system downtime and improves the efficiency of building operations teams.
5. Multi-Outlet Luxury Showers in Commercial Design
For high-end commercial projects—such as boutique hotels or luxury condominium units—six-way diverters offer a premium experience:
- These allow guests to switch between or combine rain showers, handhelds, and body sprays.
- However, with more outlets comes more complexity:
• More water demand
• Greater load on hot water supply, boilers, and recirculation loops
• Additional piping in walls and increased testing/commissioning requirements
Example: A hotel with 10 suites, each using two shower outlets at once, could require 50–60 GPM total capacity during peak times like morning rush. The plumbing and mechanical systems must be engineered accordingly.
Design teams should coordinate closely with mechanical engineers to ensure that the building’s infrastructure can support the diverter configurations specified.
6. Balancing Cost and Experience
Not every project needs a six-function diverter. The diverter choice should reflect the project’s goals:
- In most multifamily housing, simpler diverters like tee spouts or two-way valves are cost-effective, reliable, and easy for users to operate.
- In high-end or design-forward commercial builds, multi-function diverters enhance the experience and justify their added complexity and cost.
Professionals should weigh long-term maintenance realities against upfront installation cost, user expectations, and available service access.
Which Shower Diverter Should I Buy?
Understanding how to select, install, and maintain the right shower diverter is essential for building reliable and high-performing bathroom systems—especially in today's diverse and demanding project environments.
From the simple tee diverters commonly found in tub/shower combinations to advanced six-function diverters in luxury multi-head setups, these components play a quiet but central role in shaping the user experience.
Whether you're working on a multi-family housing development, a hospitality renovation, or a custom high-end home, making informed diverter choices helps:
- Ensure code compliance and accessibility
- Simplify future maintenance
- Deliver the functionality and comfort users expect
Proper planning around diverter type, installation layout, and long-term support reduces callbacks, streamlines construction, and ultimately delivers better outcomes for owners and residents alike.
Product Insight
Manufacturers like Allora USA offer product solutions—such as the ADA-ST-72-BN hand shower system—that support multi-function shower systems while maintaining a modern, minimal profile.
These systems are engineered with durable components, making them ideal for both multi-family installations and commercial applications where longevity and ease of service matter.
